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2021-06-20
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"Zongzi stocks" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints
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What's different this year is that in this wave of discussion, A-shares may usher in a \"zongzi stock\". On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival, Wufangzhai, a 100-year-old brand, submitted a prospectus to seek A-share listing. Although the pre-disclosure document of Wufangzhai's listing disclosed on the website of China Securities Regulatory Commission pointed out that \"the issuance application has not yet been approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission and is only for pre-disclosure\", the market has been discussing its impact on \"the first share of zongzi\" wave after wave. Single category and geographical constraints Data show that Wufangzhai began...</p><p><a href=\"None\">Web link</a></div></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>\"Zongzi stocks\" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n\"Zongzi stocks\" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1014835943\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/53947f6c3e232c366cc0bd0fd311397d);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">经济观察报 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-06-19 11:28</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>Economic Observer reporter Ye Xinran During the Dragon Boat Festival every year, sweet rice dumplings and salty rice dumplings always stage a PK battle among people's talk. What's different this year is that in this wave of discussion, A-shares may usher in a \"zongzi stock\". On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival, Wufangzhai, a 100-year-old brand, submitted a prospectus to seek A-share listing. Although the pre-disclosure document of Wufangzhai's listing disclosed on the website of China Securities Regulatory Commission pointed out that \"the issuance application has not yet been approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission and is only for pre-disclosure\", the market has been discussing its impact on \"the first share of zongzi\" wave after wave. Single category and geographical constraints Data show that Wufangzhai began...</p><p><a href=\"None\">Web link</a></div></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5dffa1df38264cbd5ddb690a66b76f38","relate_stocks":{},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2144708733","content_text":"经济观察报 记者 叶心冉 每年的端午时节,甜粽和咸粽总会在人们的津津乐道中上演一场PK战,今年不同的是,在这一波讨论声中,A股或将迎来一支“粽子股”。\n端午前夕,百岁老字号五芳斋提交招股书,谋求A股上市。尽管证监会网站披露的五芳斋上市预披露文件指出,“发行申请尚未得到中国证监会核准,仅供预先披露之用”,但市场对其冲击“粽子第一股”的讨论声已一波又一波。\n品类单一与地域束缚\n资料显示,五芳斋始于1921年,主要从事以糯米食品为主导的食品研发、生产和销售,目前已形成以粽子为主导,集月饼、汤圆、糕点、蛋制品、其他米制品等食品为一体的产品群,拥有嘉兴、成都两大生产基地。\n当前的公司主体——浙江五芳斋实业股份有限公司系1998年由嘉兴市五芳斋粽子公司整体改组,并吸纳嘉兴百货、嘉兴肉类中心、嘉兴酿造及部分自然人共同作为发起人,采取发起设立方式组建的股份有限公司。\n股份公司设立3年后,五芳斋开始进行国有股转让。2001年4月,嘉兴酿造、嘉兴肉类中心与远洋实业(五芳斋集团前身)签署股权转让协议。2004年,远洋实业又先后从原股东嘉兴商业控股、嘉兴市中华化工,及赵建平、魏荣明、倪嘉能处分别受让股份。\n经过多轮增资扩股和股权转让后,五芳斋集团现直接持有公司40.36%的股份,并通过其全资子公司远洋装饰间接持股9.7%,合计持有公司50.06%股份,为公司控股股东。\n招股书显示,五芳斋董事长厉建平持有五芳斋集团20%的股份,其子厉昊嘉持有五芳斋集团 20%的股份,厉建平与厉昊嘉从而间接持有公司主体50.06%的股份,为公司的实际控制人。\n对于这类区域性的老字号餐饮品牌,市场对其的关注和质疑多存在于品类单一和地域束缚两大点上,而再聚焦于粽子占据大幅营收的五芳斋,其还面临时令性的限制。\n招股书显示,2018年-2020年,粽子系列的营收分别为15.02亿元、16.09亿元、16.44亿元,占据主业总营收的比重分别为66.28%、67.74%、70.77%。\n并且,华东区域的营收多年来占据半壁江山。2018年-2020年,华东区域的营收分别为14.33亿元、14.60亿元、12.97亿元,分别占主业总营收的63.23%、61.45%、55.82%。\n资料显示,五芳斋主营业务收入按类别分为粽子系列、月饼系列、餐食系列和蛋制品、糕点及其他。但从2020年的营收来看,月饼系列和蛋糕系列分别占营收的比重为7.96%、11.41%。\n无论是粽子还是月饼,均带有明显的节令性。五芳斋在招股书中亦提示,公司主要产品为粽子、月饼等传统节令食品,存在明显的季节性特征。如果在粽子、月饼的集中消费季节,公司不能做好市场预测,公司将面临部分产品备货不足进而失去业务机会,或者由于外部环境重大变化造成生产过剩进而导致积压浪费的季节性经营风险。\n同时,五芳斋面临着营收增速与毛利率的双重下滑。招股书显示,2018年-2020年,公司营收分别为24.23亿元、25.07亿元和24.21亿元;归母净利润分别为9698.50万元、1.63亿元和1.42亿元。2020年公司的营收和净利润同比均为负增长。\n2018年-2020年,公司综合毛利率分别为45.24%、45.43%和 44.57%,出现一定程度的下滑。粽子销量也同样下滑,2018年-2020年,五芳斋粽子的销量分别为5027.25万kg、5024.15万kg、4462.05万kg。\n与此同时,是公司主要产品系列销售单价的提升。2018年-2020年,五芳斋粽子的销售单价从2.99元/100g上涨至3.68元/100g,涨幅达23.1%;月饼则从2018年的64.91元/kg上涨至74.42元/kg,涨幅达14.65%。\n截至 2020年 12月 31日,公司共拥有169家直营店、合作经营店43家。而在招股书中披露的各直营店相关经营指标显示,在2020年至少有118家直营门店处于亏损状态,有25家合作门店亏损。相比2018年203家的直营门店,三年之间净减少34家。\n同时,根据招股书披露的子公司经营情况,包括五芳斋餐饮、杭州五芳斋、上海优米一家、香港五芳斋、澳门五芳斋在内的多家子公司在2020年的净利润均为负值。\n老字号的新颜\n在国内,老字号品牌多以餐饮企业为主,老字号的品牌老化问题一直是明显的桎梏。根据商务部流通产业促进中心发布的《老字号数字化转型与创新发展报告》(下简称“老字号报告”)显示,在1128家中华老字号企业中,食品餐饮类企业占比高达约50%。报告提到,老字号企业的“老”“旧”“弱”等问题对其数字化转型发展造成一定程度的阻碍。\n而对于品牌焕新问题,企业们都在想方设法抓住当下代表消费主力的年轻人。五芳斋一直在致力于“破圈”,在B站,有用户戏称五芳斋是被卖粽子耽误的电影厂,称其为“五芳影业”。2017年,环时互动公司开始负责五芳斋的互联网营销,先后推出《还乡记》《招待所》等广告短片,今年端午节前夕,五芳斋推出了故事片《寻找李小芳》。\n这背后是“老”品牌对抓住新型消费者的急迫与焦虑。\n华鑫证券食品饮料分析师万蓉在接受采访时指出,总体上来说,老字号的餐饮企业在产品创新、品牌运作、多元化发展等方面落后于新兴品牌。现在的消费环境已经发生了深度变化,从产品为王、到渠道为王、再到现在的消费者为王,在消费者体验方面老字号可能还需要更多的思考和改革。\n上述老字号报告提示,未来老字号品牌可有5大发展方向,涉及加快推进数字化转型、大力开展全渠道运营、不断提升产品创新力、深入挖掘历史文化价值、持续推进体制改革。\n万蓉同时表示,“老字号”的珍贵在于它通过文化穿透所呈现出的经典,是社会发展的缩影,也是历史发展的见证者。如果能利用好这些点,在国货国潮路上找到适合自己的新打法,把话题和流量转化为实实在在的消费力,“老字号”也可以焕发新活力。\n未来走向哪\n五芳斋未来三年的发展战略是:未来三年,公司以消费者体验为核心,以“糯米”为主线,围绕“端午、中秋、春节、元宵、清明、七夕、重阳”等中华节令场景,重点打造高价值产品线。以“热爱中国味”为品牌主张,加强消费者沟通,引导消费者,形成“五芳斋=中华节令美食”的品牌心智认知,并实现品牌年轻化及品牌持续增值的目标。\n对于“五芳斋=中华节令美食”这一的品牌定位,品牌定位专家、红箭头品牌营销公司总经理张健分析指出,五芳斋试图用“热爱中国味”作为品牌主张,这没有问题,与消费者沟通也没有问题。但把“五芳斋=中华节令美食”是存在诸多不足的。“中华节令美食”并不是一个具象的、可衡量的 “产品”,把品牌等同于“中华节令美食”的价值并不大。\n并且,五芳斋提出,将扩大公司月饼、绿豆糕、蛋黄酥等焙烤类食品以及汤圆、烧卖、馄饨等速冻类食品的生产能力。但需要注意的是,在糕点、速冻食品领域,五芳斋还要面临来自于广州酒家、三全食品、安井食品等多家企业的强势竞争。张健指出,对于五芳斋而言,突破单一品类的束缚有一定难度。这是因为,在消费者的认知中,五芳斋已与粽子深度捆绑,五芳斋就是粽子,粽子就是五芳斋。“实际上,这对于五芳斋来讲是优势。突破单一品类可以通过新品牌来创建,虽然短期效果没那么明显,但长期来看,这对于企业是有利的。”\n新品类、新业务是市场对于五芳斋接下来的期待方向。万蓉表示,接下来会比较关注五芳斋在其他产品类别或者现有品类下新产品的研发和创新突破,“从财报中可以发现,50%以上的营收都发生在二季度,也就是传统的端午节前后。粽子的市场规模还相对有限。在已经做到行业龙头、市占率第一的情况下,未来企业的发展空间更多还是要来自于新品类的开发与创新。”\n在招股书中,五芳斋的门店拓展规划指出,直营门店将在2021年增加8家,2022年增加13家,2023年增加30家。但具体的全国性扩张的步伐,五芳斋并未提及。同时,对于突破单一品类的具体规划招股书中也没有提及,坊间流传按照五芳斋董事长厉建平2018年的计划,五芳斋计划在2021年将粽子营收占比降至50%以下。从现有数据来看,该目标还仍未达成。对于上述情况,记者联系五芳斋方面并发送采访提纲,了解具体计划,截至发稿,尚未获得回应。\n张健指出,五芳斋应该重新思考自己的战略,是选择多品牌还是品牌延伸。即便是品牌延伸,也要有一定的边界,要考虑消费者对五芳斋的认知范围及企业的能力边界。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1433,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"hots":[{"id":165293697,"gmtCreate":1624144795919,"gmtModify":1703829251585,"author":{"id":"3582025305619553","authorId":"3582025305619553","name":"ksooi","avatar":"https://static.laohu8.com/default-avatar.jpg","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3582025305619553","idStr":"3582025305619553"},"themes":[],"htmlText":"Bb","listText":"Bb","text":"Bb","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/165293697","repostId":"2144708733","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"2144708733","kind":"highlight","weMediaInfo":{"introduction":"经济观察报官方账号","home_visible":1,"media_name":"经济观察报","id":"1014835943","head_image":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/53947f6c3e232c366cc0bd0fd311397d"},"pubTimestamp":1624073310,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/2144708733?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2021-06-19 11:28","market":"sh","language":"zh","title":"\"Zongzi stocks\" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=2144708733","media":"经济观察报","summary":"经济观察报 记者 叶心冉每年的端午时节,甜粽和咸粽总会在人们的津津乐道中上演一场PK战,今年不同的是,在这一波讨论声中,A股或将迎来一支“粽子股”。端午前夕,百岁老字号五芳斋提交招股书,谋求A股上市。尽管证监会网站披露的五芳斋上市预披露文件指出,“发行申请尚未得到中国证监会核准,仅供预先披露之用”,但市场对其冲击“粽子第一股”的讨论声已一波又一波。股份公司设立3年后,五芳斋开始进行国有股转让。","content":"<p><div>Economic Observer reporter Ye Xinran During the Dragon Boat Festival every year, sweet rice dumplings and salty rice dumplings always stage a PK battle among people's talk. What's different this year is that in this wave of discussion, A-shares may usher in a \"zongzi stock\". On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival, Wufangzhai, a 100-year-old brand, submitted a prospectus to seek A-share listing. Although the pre-disclosure document of Wufangzhai's listing disclosed on the website of China Securities Regulatory Commission pointed out that \"the issuance application has not yet been approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission and is only for pre-disclosure\", the market has been discussing its impact on \"the first share of zongzi\" wave after wave. Single category and geographical constraints Data show that Wufangzhai began...</p><p><a href=\"None\">Web link</a></div></p>","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>\"Zongzi stocks\" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\n\"Zongzi stocks\" are coming, Wufangzhai's single product anxiety and regional constraints\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<a class=\"head\" href=\"https://laohu8.com/wemedia/1014835943\">\n\n<div class=\"h-thumb\" style=\"background-image:url(https://static.tigerbbs.com/53947f6c3e232c366cc0bd0fd311397d);background-size:cover;\"></div>\n\n<div class=\"h-content\">\n<p class=\"h-name\">经济观察报 </p>\n<p class=\"h-time smaller\">2021-06-19 11:28</p>\n</div>\n</a>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><div>Economic Observer reporter Ye Xinran During the Dragon Boat Festival every year, sweet rice dumplings and salty rice dumplings always stage a PK battle among people's talk. What's different this year is that in this wave of discussion, A-shares may usher in a \"zongzi stock\". On the eve of the Dragon Boat Festival, Wufangzhai, a 100-year-old brand, submitted a prospectus to seek A-share listing. Although the pre-disclosure document of Wufangzhai's listing disclosed on the website of China Securities Regulatory Commission pointed out that \"the issuance application has not yet been approved by China Securities Regulatory Commission and is only for pre-disclosure\", the market has been discussing its impact on \"the first share of zongzi\" wave after wave. Single category and geographical constraints Data show that Wufangzhai began...</p><p><a href=\"None\">Web link</a></div></p>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5dffa1df38264cbd5ddb690a66b76f38","relate_stocks":{},"is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"2144708733","content_text":"经济观察报 记者 叶心冉 每年的端午时节,甜粽和咸粽总会在人们的津津乐道中上演一场PK战,今年不同的是,在这一波讨论声中,A股或将迎来一支“粽子股”。\n端午前夕,百岁老字号五芳斋提交招股书,谋求A股上市。尽管证监会网站披露的五芳斋上市预披露文件指出,“发行申请尚未得到中国证监会核准,仅供预先披露之用”,但市场对其冲击“粽子第一股”的讨论声已一波又一波。\n品类单一与地域束缚\n资料显示,五芳斋始于1921年,主要从事以糯米食品为主导的食品研发、生产和销售,目前已形成以粽子为主导,集月饼、汤圆、糕点、蛋制品、其他米制品等食品为一体的产品群,拥有嘉兴、成都两大生产基地。\n当前的公司主体——浙江五芳斋实业股份有限公司系1998年由嘉兴市五芳斋粽子公司整体改组,并吸纳嘉兴百货、嘉兴肉类中心、嘉兴酿造及部分自然人共同作为发起人,采取发起设立方式组建的股份有限公司。\n股份公司设立3年后,五芳斋开始进行国有股转让。2001年4月,嘉兴酿造、嘉兴肉类中心与远洋实业(五芳斋集团前身)签署股权转让协议。2004年,远洋实业又先后从原股东嘉兴商业控股、嘉兴市中华化工,及赵建平、魏荣明、倪嘉能处分别受让股份。\n经过多轮增资扩股和股权转让后,五芳斋集团现直接持有公司40.36%的股份,并通过其全资子公司远洋装饰间接持股9.7%,合计持有公司50.06%股份,为公司控股股东。\n招股书显示,五芳斋董事长厉建平持有五芳斋集团20%的股份,其子厉昊嘉持有五芳斋集团 20%的股份,厉建平与厉昊嘉从而间接持有公司主体50.06%的股份,为公司的实际控制人。\n对于这类区域性的老字号餐饮品牌,市场对其的关注和质疑多存在于品类单一和地域束缚两大点上,而再聚焦于粽子占据大幅营收的五芳斋,其还面临时令性的限制。\n招股书显示,2018年-2020年,粽子系列的营收分别为15.02亿元、16.09亿元、16.44亿元,占据主业总营收的比重分别为66.28%、67.74%、70.77%。\n并且,华东区域的营收多年来占据半壁江山。2018年-2020年,华东区域的营收分别为14.33亿元、14.60亿元、12.97亿元,分别占主业总营收的63.23%、61.45%、55.82%。\n资料显示,五芳斋主营业务收入按类别分为粽子系列、月饼系列、餐食系列和蛋制品、糕点及其他。但从2020年的营收来看,月饼系列和蛋糕系列分别占营收的比重为7.96%、11.41%。\n无论是粽子还是月饼,均带有明显的节令性。五芳斋在招股书中亦提示,公司主要产品为粽子、月饼等传统节令食品,存在明显的季节性特征。如果在粽子、月饼的集中消费季节,公司不能做好市场预测,公司将面临部分产品备货不足进而失去业务机会,或者由于外部环境重大变化造成生产过剩进而导致积压浪费的季节性经营风险。\n同时,五芳斋面临着营收增速与毛利率的双重下滑。招股书显示,2018年-2020年,公司营收分别为24.23亿元、25.07亿元和24.21亿元;归母净利润分别为9698.50万元、1.63亿元和1.42亿元。2020年公司的营收和净利润同比均为负增长。\n2018年-2020年,公司综合毛利率分别为45.24%、45.43%和 44.57%,出现一定程度的下滑。粽子销量也同样下滑,2018年-2020年,五芳斋粽子的销量分别为5027.25万kg、5024.15万kg、4462.05万kg。\n与此同时,是公司主要产品系列销售单价的提升。2018年-2020年,五芳斋粽子的销售单价从2.99元/100g上涨至3.68元/100g,涨幅达23.1%;月饼则从2018年的64.91元/kg上涨至74.42元/kg,涨幅达14.65%。\n截至 2020年 12月 31日,公司共拥有169家直营店、合作经营店43家。而在招股书中披露的各直营店相关经营指标显示,在2020年至少有118家直营门店处于亏损状态,有25家合作门店亏损。相比2018年203家的直营门店,三年之间净减少34家。\n同时,根据招股书披露的子公司经营情况,包括五芳斋餐饮、杭州五芳斋、上海优米一家、香港五芳斋、澳门五芳斋在内的多家子公司在2020年的净利润均为负值。\n老字号的新颜\n在国内,老字号品牌多以餐饮企业为主,老字号的品牌老化问题一直是明显的桎梏。根据商务部流通产业促进中心发布的《老字号数字化转型与创新发展报告》(下简称“老字号报告”)显示,在1128家中华老字号企业中,食品餐饮类企业占比高达约50%。报告提到,老字号企业的“老”“旧”“弱”等问题对其数字化转型发展造成一定程度的阻碍。\n而对于品牌焕新问题,企业们都在想方设法抓住当下代表消费主力的年轻人。五芳斋一直在致力于“破圈”,在B站,有用户戏称五芳斋是被卖粽子耽误的电影厂,称其为“五芳影业”。2017年,环时互动公司开始负责五芳斋的互联网营销,先后推出《还乡记》《招待所》等广告短片,今年端午节前夕,五芳斋推出了故事片《寻找李小芳》。\n这背后是“老”品牌对抓住新型消费者的急迫与焦虑。\n华鑫证券食品饮料分析师万蓉在接受采访时指出,总体上来说,老字号的餐饮企业在产品创新、品牌运作、多元化发展等方面落后于新兴品牌。现在的消费环境已经发生了深度变化,从产品为王、到渠道为王、再到现在的消费者为王,在消费者体验方面老字号可能还需要更多的思考和改革。\n上述老字号报告提示,未来老字号品牌可有5大发展方向,涉及加快推进数字化转型、大力开展全渠道运营、不断提升产品创新力、深入挖掘历史文化价值、持续推进体制改革。\n万蓉同时表示,“老字号”的珍贵在于它通过文化穿透所呈现出的经典,是社会发展的缩影,也是历史发展的见证者。如果能利用好这些点,在国货国潮路上找到适合自己的新打法,把话题和流量转化为实实在在的消费力,“老字号”也可以焕发新活力。\n未来走向哪\n五芳斋未来三年的发展战略是:未来三年,公司以消费者体验为核心,以“糯米”为主线,围绕“端午、中秋、春节、元宵、清明、七夕、重阳”等中华节令场景,重点打造高价值产品线。以“热爱中国味”为品牌主张,加强消费者沟通,引导消费者,形成“五芳斋=中华节令美食”的品牌心智认知,并实现品牌年轻化及品牌持续增值的目标。\n对于“五芳斋=中华节令美食”这一的品牌定位,品牌定位专家、红箭头品牌营销公司总经理张健分析指出,五芳斋试图用“热爱中国味”作为品牌主张,这没有问题,与消费者沟通也没有问题。但把“五芳斋=中华节令美食”是存在诸多不足的。“中华节令美食”并不是一个具象的、可衡量的 “产品”,把品牌等同于“中华节令美食”的价值并不大。\n并且,五芳斋提出,将扩大公司月饼、绿豆糕、蛋黄酥等焙烤类食品以及汤圆、烧卖、馄饨等速冻类食品的生产能力。但需要注意的是,在糕点、速冻食品领域,五芳斋还要面临来自于广州酒家、三全食品、安井食品等多家企业的强势竞争。张健指出,对于五芳斋而言,突破单一品类的束缚有一定难度。这是因为,在消费者的认知中,五芳斋已与粽子深度捆绑,五芳斋就是粽子,粽子就是五芳斋。“实际上,这对于五芳斋来讲是优势。突破单一品类可以通过新品牌来创建,虽然短期效果没那么明显,但长期来看,这对于企业是有利的。”\n新品类、新业务是市场对于五芳斋接下来的期待方向。万蓉表示,接下来会比较关注五芳斋在其他产品类别或者现有品类下新产品的研发和创新突破,“从财报中可以发现,50%以上的营收都发生在二季度,也就是传统的端午节前后。粽子的市场规模还相对有限。在已经做到行业龙头、市占率第一的情况下,未来企业的发展空间更多还是要来自于新品类的开发与创新。”\n在招股书中,五芳斋的门店拓展规划指出,直营门店将在2021年增加8家,2022年增加13家,2023年增加30家。但具体的全国性扩张的步伐,五芳斋并未提及。同时,对于突破单一品类的具体规划招股书中也没有提及,坊间流传按照五芳斋董事长厉建平2018年的计划,五芳斋计划在2021年将粽子营收占比降至50%以下。从现有数据来看,该目标还仍未达成。对于上述情况,记者联系五芳斋方面并发送采访提纲,了解具体计划,截至发稿,尚未获得回应。\n张健指出,五芳斋应该重新思考自己的战略,是选择多品牌还是品牌延伸。即便是品牌延伸,也要有一定的边界,要考虑消费者对五芳斋的认知范围及企业的能力边界。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":1433,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"lives":[]}