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Jefflau749

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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2023-02-02
  ya
  Singapore Stocks to Watch: FLCT, Oxley, Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit, Quantum Healthcare
  THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday
  Singapore Stocks to Watch: FLCT, Oxley, Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit, Quantum Healthcare
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2023-02-02
  ya
  Sorry, this post has been deleted
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-11-14
  $Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-11-14
  $老虎证券(TIGR)$ ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-04
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  Sorry, this post has been deleted
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-03
  $Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$U
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-10-03
  $Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$ya
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-26
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-21
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- Jefflau749Jefflau749
  ·2022-07-19
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  It's so curly! The top brokerage firm dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report.
  没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3
  It's so curly! The top brokerage firm dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report.
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display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 11px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;line-height: 11px;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nSingapore Stocks to Watch: FLCT, Oxley, Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit, Quantum Healthcare\n</h2>\n\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n\n\n2023-02-02 08:43 GMT+8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare><strong>Business Times</strong></a>\n\n\n</h4>\n\n</header>\n<article>\n<div>\n<p>THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday (Feb 2):FRASERS Logistics & Commercial Trust recorded over 239,500 square metres (sq m) of leasing ...</p>\n\n<a href=\"https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare\">Source Link</a>\n\n</div>\n\n\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"","relate_stocks":{"BUOU.SI":"星狮物流工业信托","V8Y.SI":"康敦医疗","CMOU.SI":"KOREReitUSD","5UX.SI":"豪利"},"source_url":"https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/stocks-watch-flct-oxley-keppel-pacific-oak-us-reit-quantum-healthcare","is_english":true,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/e9f99090a1c2ed51c021029395664489","article_id":"1138331498","content_text":"THE following companies saw new developments that may affect trading of their securities on Thursday (Feb 2):FRASERS Logistics & Commercial Trust recorded over 239,500 square metres (sq m) of leasing across its portfolio for its first quarter ended Dec 31, 2022, the real estate investment trust’s (Reit) manager said in a Wednesday (Feb 1) business update.The Reit maintained a 100 per cent occupancy for its logistics and industrial (L&I) portfolio, while its commercial portfolio recorded an 89.8 per cent occupancy rate. Overall occupancy came in at 95.9 per cent.Mainboard-listed Oxley Holdings reported on Wednesday (Feb 1) a sharp decline in net profit for its first half on the back of lower revenue and higher finance costs.Net profit for the six-month period ended Dec 31, 2022 fell to S$277,000 from S$23.5 million in the corresponding period a year ago.The group said in the bourse filing that the lower profits were due to “lower revenue streams coupled with higher finance costs resulting from rising interest rates and lower mark-to-market fair-value gain on derivative financial instruments”.THE manager of Keppel Pacific Oak US Reit said large-scale layoffs amid a tech sector slowdown are not a major concern for its portfolio – and might even be viewed as “somewhat positive” for the US office-focused real estate investment trust (Reit).“When you look at the layoffs for these companies in Bellevue and Redmond and compare that to what their hiring has been over the last several years, you will find that it has been just a fraction of what their hiring had been,” said David Snyder, chief executive of the Reit manager, at a briefing on Wednesday (Feb 1) following its FY2022 results announcement.Quantum Healthcare, on Feb 2, announced that it has proposed to acquire the businesses of three clinics operating under the Dental Hub Group.The acquisition was scaled down from theinitial acquisition of six clinicsunder the Dental Hub Group.The three clinics under the acquisition are located at Alexandra Road, Bedok North and Choa Chua Kang. The previous agreement included other clinics that were located in Jurong West, Telok Blangah Crescent and West Coast Road. According to Quantum Healthcare, this is due to several factors such as the existing market conditions, the clinics’ financial performance, as well as the location of the clinics.","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"CMOU.SI":0.9,"BUOU.SI":0.9,"V8Y.SI":0.9,"5UX.SI":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5865,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9955894837,"gmtCreate":1675317716529,"gmtModify":1676538992495,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9955894837","repostId":"1144650848","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5306,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9969692003,"gmtCreate":1668421088003,"gmtModify":1676538054023,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/CLM\">$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/CLM\">$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","text":"$Cornerstone Strategic Value Fund(CLM)$ ya","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/40d0545f72bc49a80eab4e2b46927636","width":"1080","height":"2266"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9969692003","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5361,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9969696444,"gmtCreate":1668421068588,"gmtModify":1676538054022,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TIGR\">$老虎证券(TIGR)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/TIGR\">$老虎证券(TIGR)$ &nbsp;</a>ya","text":"$老虎证券(TIGR)$ 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href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>U","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>U","text":"$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$U","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/0739bbd9510f43bdc11bde975f59a1aa","width":"1080","height":"1920"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9912950969","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":6381,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9912950005,"gmtCreate":1664751332208,"gmtModify":1676537500397,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>ya","listText":"<a href=\"https://ttm.financial/S/AITX\">$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$</a>ya","text":"$Artificial Intelligence Technology Solutions Inc.(AITX)$ya","images":[{"img":"https://community-static.tradeup.com/news/0739bbd9510f43bdc11bde975f59a1aa","width":"1080","height":"1920"}],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":0,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9912950005","isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":6132,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":1,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9909019162,"gmtCreate":1658791730656,"gmtModify":1676536206553,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":2,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9909019162","repostId":"1100128143","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5153,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9074636978,"gmtCreate":1658357454094,"gmtModify":1676536144188,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9074636978","repostId":"1163029397","repostType":4,"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5603,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0},{"id":9075890181,"gmtCreate":1658184629543,"gmtModify":1676536116377,"author":{"id":"3576195246415673","authorId":"3576195246415673","name":"Jefflau749","avatar":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/3b16bea38b728770eeacee83d0ca1b56","crmLevel":11,"crmLevelSwitch":0,"followedFlag":false,"authorIdStr":"3576195246415673","idStr":"3576195246415673"},"themes":[],"title":"","htmlText":"ya","listText":"ya","text":"ya","images":[],"top":1,"highlighted":1,"essential":1,"paper":1,"likeSize":1,"commentSize":0,"repostSize":0,"link":"https://ttm.financial/post/9075890181","repostId":"1148974307","repostType":4,"repost":{"id":"1148974307","kind":"news","pubTimestamp":1658111581,"share":"https://ttm.financial/m/news/1148974307?lang=en_US&edition=fundamental","pubTime":"2022-07-18 10:33","market":"hk","language":"zh","title":"It's so curly! The top brokerage firm dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report.","url":"https://stock-news.laohu8.com/highlight/detail?id=1148974307","media":"华尔街见闻","summary":"没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3","content":"<p><html><head></head><body>If you've never disassembled a car, you'd be embarrassed to call yourself a tram analyst. Sell-side analysts are \"scrolling endlessly\"...</p><p>Following Haitong International's disassembly of a BYD \"Yuan\" last month and its 87-page research report showcasing detailed details of auto parts, CITIC Securities, the \"top brokerage firm,\" disassembled a Tesla Model 3 and wrote a 94-page research report.</p><p>Over two months, CITIC Securities' research department's TMT and automotive teams, in collaboration with multiple companies and institutions, completed a complete disassembly of the standard range version of the Model 3.</p><p>CITIC Securities stated:</p><p>The aim is to analyze the Tesla Model 3, a benchmark model for intelligent electric vehicles, to showcase Tesla's thinking on the intelligent electrification of automobiles as a leading global automaker, in order to clarify the possible direction of future industrial development and better support relevant decisions. Through disassembly, CITIC Securities conducted a detailed and in-depth analysis of Tesla's E/E architecture, three batteries, thermal management, and vehicle body.</p><p>domain controller architecture</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the E/E architecture has shifted from a distributed to a domain control architecture, and the decoupling of software and hardware is key to software-defined cars. Tesla's Model 3 is a leader in domain control architecture.</p><p><b>1) Body domain: The front, left and right three bodies use positional zoning rather than functional zoning to reduce wiring difficulty, and HSD is widely used to replace relays;</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"329\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The front body domain controllers are located in the front cabin, which theoretically has a higher probability of collision. Therefore, they use aluminum alloy protective housings. The left and right body domain controllers, being located inside the passenger compartment, have a lower probability of encountering external collisions, and both protective housings are made of plastic.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e2e3ec0d88244cf0ba05df76dbf12e5\" tg-width=\"706\" tg-height=\"439\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>2) Cockpit Domain: Integrates the T-BOX into the cockpit domain controller and uses Intel's A3950 chip, which is closer to a gaming platform than a mobile phone;</b></p><p>The cockpit domain is an important part of the user experience, and Tesla's cockpit control platform is constantly evolving. The 2020 Tesla Model 3 that CITIC Securities disassembled this time uses the second-generation cockpit domain controller (MCU2):</p><p>The MCU2 consists of two circuit boards, one is the motherboard, and the other is a small wireless communication circuit board fixed to the motherboard (shown in the pink box in the figure). This communication circuit board includes an LTE module, an Ethernet control chip, an antenna interface, etc., which is equivalent to the T-box used for external wireless communication in traditional cars. Integrating it into the MCU can save space and costs. The 2020 Model 3 we're disassembling this time uses Telit's LTE module. After the 2021 model, Tesla switched its wireless module supplier to Quectel. The MCU2 motherboard uses a double-sided PCB, with the front side mainly containing various network-related chips, such as Ethernet chips from Intel and Marvell, LTE modules from Telit, and video serializers from TI. Another important function of the front is to provide external interfaces, such as Bluetooth/WiFi/LTE antenna interfaces, camera input/output interfaces, audio interfaces, USB interfaces, Ethernet interfaces, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e974436a2dc5b19a849251a7c210317d\" tg-width=\"937\" tg-height=\"544\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>The back of the MCU2 is more important, with an Intel Atoma 3950 chip at its core, paired with a total of 4GB of Micron memory and a 64GB eMMC memory chip also provided by Micron. In addition, there are WiFi/Bluetooth modules provided by LGInnotek.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6f06009817e03dc2d31a3f14a908f486\" tg-width=\"906\" tg-height=\"499\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>3) Driving range: Dual FSD chips, NPU offers better cost performance than Orin in the same area, and the Linux operating system is more suitable for large AI models;</b></p><p>Another important feature of Tesla is its Intelligent Driving, which is performed through its Autopilot Domain Controller (AP). The core of this section lies in Tesla's self-developed FSD chip; the rest of the configuration is not essentially different from other current autonomous driving controller solutions:</p><p>The HW3.0 version of the AP used in the Model 3 is equipped with two FSD chips, each configured with four Samsung 2GB memory chips, for a total of 8GB per FSD. Each FSD is also equipped with a 32GB Toshiba flash memory chip and a 64MB Spansion NorFlash chip for booting. In terms of networking, the AP controller includes Marvell Ethernet switches and physical layer transceivers, as well as TI's high-speed CAN transceivers. Positioning is also very important for autonomous driving, which is why it is equipped with a Ublox GPS positioning module.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9938c812944cab9e51cd6ed7319bc668\" tg-width=\"905\" tg-height=\"457\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/760b93bcd8e51158df569a11580ab6dc\" tg-width=\"756\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>To achieve autonomous driving, Tesla has proposed a complete solution based on vision and centered on FSD chips:</p><p>Its peripheral sensors mainly include 12 ultrasonic sensors (Valeo), 8 cameras (3 front-facing cameras on the windshield roof, 2 front-facing cameras on the B-pillar, 2 rear-facing cameras on the front fender, 1 rear-facing camera at the rear, and 1 DMS camera), and 1 millimeter-wave radar (Continental).<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4836c623d8b2cd73bb02956dcd6b24e3\" tg-width=\"733\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Its core front-facing trilocular camera includes a main camera in the middle and telephoto and wide-angle lenses on both sides, forming a combination of different field of view ranges. All three cameras use the same ON Semiconductor image sensor. The millimeter-wave radar is placed near the vehicle logo at the front of the vehicle and consists of a circuit board and an antenna board. The millimeter-wave radar uses a Freescale control chip and a TI regulated power supply management chip.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b9d7b28727b0711f5b6eabbf28ff96d\" tg-width=\"749\" tg-height=\"429\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>4) Electronic control domain: The Model 3 pioneered the use of 48 SiC MOSFETs instead of 84 IGBTs, significantly reducing its size and power consumption;</b></p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model 3 is the first pure electric vehicle to use an all-SiC power module motor controller, pioneering the application of SiC.</p><p>The SiC model used in the Model 3 is STMicroelectronics' ST GK026. At the same power level, this SiC module uses laser welding to connect the SiC MOSFET, input busbar, and output three-phase copper. The package size is significantly smaller than that of a silicon module, and the switching loss is reduced by 75%. Using SiC modules instead of IGBT modules can improve system efficiency by about 5%, and reduce the number of chips and the total area. If the Model X IGBTs are still used, 54-60 IGBTs will be required.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8cf1eba6f099b4490b34c7dfcaee3c0\" tg-width=\"927\" tg-height=\"383\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>5) Power range: The BMS manages a total of 2,976 21700 batteries, and its powerful software capabilities achieve consistent charging and discharging of each battery.</p><p>As an electric vehicle, the management of electrical energy and batteries is crucial for the Model 3, and the person responsible for managing the battery pack...<b>BMS</b>It is a highly difficult product:</p><p>The main control board is responsible for managing all BMS-related chips and is equipped with 7 sets of external interfaces, including control signals for the charging controller (CP), energy conversion system (PCS), and signals to the sampling board (BMB). In addition, it also includes dedicated current and voltage acquisition signals. The circuit board includes circuit modules such as a high-voltage isolation power supply and a sampling circuit. In terms of components, there are microcontrollers from Freescale and TI, as well as op-amps, reference voltage sources, isolators, data sampling chips, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b587536f0b9997eb043397e683a0abb4\" tg-width=\"908\" tg-height=\"484\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Under the control of the BMS, the BMB circuit board specifically monitors the battery pack. For the Tesla Model 3:</p><p>There are four battery packs in total, each equipped with a BMB circuit board. The circuit layouts of the four circuit boards are different and can be easily distinguished from each other using the numbers on the circuit boards. They are connected together in sequence using a daisy chain, with daisy chains leading out from boards 1 and 4 and connecting to the P5 and P6 interfaces of the main control board.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95ea719844ddd6929d8848c4bbdd2142\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"348\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Harnesses and Connectors</p><p>1) Wiring harness: CITIC Securities estimates that the value of wiring harnesses per vehicle is about 2,000 yuan. High-voltage wiring harnesses are the main increment of new energy vehicles. In order to reduce weight, the Model 3 has started to replace copper with aluminum. Low-voltage data cables will be reduced in the process of domain control.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7dbee6fccc6188cc23be8a636c09e9d1\" tg-width=\"913\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b02522a025888fa0b55934800991bc33\" tg-width=\"755\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Connectors: Electrification brings an increase in high-voltage connectors, while intelligentization brings demand for high-speed connectors. TE is the core supplier of the Model 3, and domestic manufacturers are expected to achieve breakthroughs.</p><p>On the connector of the power battery-electric drive high-voltage wiring harness,<b>Model3</b>It adopts<b>You</b>of<b>HC Stak 25:</b></p><p>Its structure and function are similar to those of the HC Stak 35, but the difference lies in its size. As you can see, the HC Stak 25 is smaller than the HC Stak 35, so the terminals at the socket end of the HC Stak 25 are made up of 20 DEFCON terminals (the HC Stak 35 has 35). Different models share the same connector terminals. Connector terminals can be quickly assembled into different models by changing the number of stacks, which demonstrates the cost control advantages brought about by modular connector production.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27ce3149504873c7d267762efc6fba53\" tg-width=\"775\" tg-height=\"301\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Battery: Tesla's intergenerational technology is leading, and the 4680 and CTC are future development directions.</p><p>1) The core concept of battery design is to improve specific energy: from small modules to large modules and then to moduleless CTC, the cell size has increased from 1865 to 2170 and then to 4680. The core trend is to reduce the number of non-energy structural components in the battery pack, reduce costs, reduce weight, and improve driving range.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model 3 battery pack uses four large modules. Compared with the battery packs of the iD.4 X and BMW iX3 at the same time, it adopts large module technology, resulting in higher integration and a cleaner internal layout. Battery pack technology is still in a leading position.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23dabb7e95eaba19611c9fbd3810f29\" tg-width=\"771\" tg-height=\"216\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Value and changes of 4680 batteries: The 4680 achieves the impossible triangle of \"high energy density, high rate, and low cost\" through the combination of full tab, high nickel and high silicon, dry electrode, and CTC. As the number of batteries in the module increases and the demand for fast charging rises, the requirements for cooling, thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of the battery pack are increasing. The number of cooling pipes in the battery pack is increasing, the length of the cold pipes is decreasing, and sealing and fireproof foam are added to ensure the thermal stability of the battery pack.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df353f7deb14b1e3481ccc22db2f2a7a\" tg-width=\"783\" tg-height=\"378\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The integration of the three electric motors and thermal management has been continuously improved, and thermal management has taken the lead in achieving full-domain integration.</p><p>1) The three-in-one integration enhances integration, with dual motors achieving complementary advantages: The Model 3/Y combines the drive motor, motor controller, and transmission into one, which is more integrated than the Model S/X. At the same time, the \"small three electric motors\" and battery pack are integrated, resulting in a compact structure and lower cost. The single-motor version evolved from an induction motor to a permanent magnet motor, while the dual-motor version evolved from a forward induction motor to a later permanent magnet motor arrangement. The two motors complement each other's advantages in the high-speed and low-speed regions.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fb1406d1dc031a4d940e03c4f6f676f2\" tg-width=\"631\" tg-height=\"356\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Comprehensive integration of thermal management greatly improves energy utilization efficiency: In terms of thermal management, through the application of four-way valves and eight-way valves, the entire vehicle thermal management has been upgraded from independent circuits for each part to one that integrates the air conditioning, battery system, and power system, integrating the entire vehicle heat source to improve the system's energy utilization efficiency. Tesla's three-electric and thermal management systems maintain a leading position in terms of high integration, and their exemplary role will lead the industry to catch up, upgrade, and innovate secondarily.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b079e0e13760c45d4172f14f7baa31dd\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"333\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Automotive Body: Lightweight Demand: Integrated Aluminum Body Die Casting Becomes a Trend; Consumption Upgrades Make Sunroofs and Smart Headlights Become Fashionable</p><p>1) Body: Lightweight to meet energy conservation and improve range requirements, aluminum instead of steel is the best choice, and integrated die casting of the rear body will be carried out starting from the Model Y;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/824c486f4801101f96cc3ed4c8a775ca\" tg-width=\"801\" tg-height=\"308\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Headlights: The Model 3's exterior design combines technology and aesthetics, and the headlights use matrix LED light sources;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b296677f6ceb659eef22a35c43daf3a\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"277\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>3) Automotive glass: The Model 3 sunroof is leading industry trends, and its penetration rate is expected to continue to increase;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a9e952c54e259cb11d491a29a696a968\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"320\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>4) Chassis: Adopting a control-by-wire chassis is essential for high-level autonomous driving.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities,<b>Model 3</b>The chassis is gradually becoming control-by-wire:</p><p>After disassembling the Model 3 chassis structure, we can see that in terms of suspension, all Tesla models use a front double wishbone independent suspension paired with a rear multi-link independent suspension, but are not equipped with air suspension. In terms of braking systems, Tesla vehicles use the most cutting-edge technology, namely the Ibooster in-line drive system; In terms of steering system, the Model 3 still uses traditional electric power steering. A control-by-wire chassis enables autonomous driving.<b>SAEL3</b>The cornerstone of \"execution\". An autonomous driving system consists of four parts: perception, decision-making, control, and execution. The chassis system is the \"execution\" mechanism in autonomous driving and is the core functional module that ultimately realizes autonomous driving. The realization of L3 and higher levels of autonomous driving cannot be achieved without the rapid response and precise execution of the chassis actuator, in order to achieve a high degree of synergy with the perception, decision-making and control of the upper layer. The upgrade of the chassis system also means the upgrade of functional modules such as the drive system, braking system, and steering system. Therefore, control-by-wire chassis, as the cornerstone of higher-level autonomous driving, are a concrete tool for developing autonomous driving.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a28e1239e7886002c8d3f9a3f999c049\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"304\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></body></html></p>","source":"highlight_wallstreetcn","collect":0,"html":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />\n<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no\"/>\n<meta name=\"format-detection\" content=\"telephone=no,email=no,address=no\" />\n<title>It's so curly! The top brokerage firm dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report.</title>\n<style type=\"text/css\">\na,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,\nem,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,\nobject,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{ font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline;border:0 }\nbody{ font-size:16px; line-height:1.5; color:#999; background:transparent; }\n.wrapper{ overflow:hidden;word-break:break-all;padding:10px; }\nh1,h2{ font-weight:normal; line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:.6em; }\nh3,h4,h5,h6{ line-height:1.35; margin-bottom:1em; }\nh1{ font-size:24px; }\nh2{ font-size:20px; }\nh3{ font-size:18px; }\nh4{ font-size:16px; }\nh5{ font-size:14px; }\nh6{ font-size:12px; }\np,ul,ol,blockquote,dl,table{ margin:1.2em 0; }\nul,ol{ margin-left:2em; }\nul{ list-style:disc; }\nol{ list-style:decimal; }\nli,li p{ margin:10px 0;}\nimg{ max-width:100%;display:block;margin:0 auto 1em; }\nblockquote{ color:#B5B2B1; border-left:3px solid #aaa; padding:1em; }\nstrong,b{font-weight:bold;}\nem,i{font-style:italic;}\ntable{ width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:1px;margin:1em 0;font-size:.9em; }\nth,td{ padding:5px;text-align:left;border:1px solid #aaa; }\nth{ font-weight:bold;background:#5d5d5d; }\n.symbol-link{font-weight:bold;}\n/* header{ border-bottom:1px solid #494756; } */\n.title{ margin:0 0 8px;line-height:1.3;color:#ddd; }\n.meta {color:#5e5c6d;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 .5em; }\na{text-decoration:none; color:#2a4b87;}\n.meta .head { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden}\n.head .h-thumb { width: 30px; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border-radius: 50%; float: left;}\n.head .h-content { margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 9px; float: left;}\n.head .h-name {font-size: 13px; color: #eee; margin: 0;}\n.head .h-time {font-size: 12.5px; color: #7E829C; margin: 0;}\n.small {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.9); -webkit-transform: scale(0.9); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.smaller {font-size: 12.5px; display: inline-block; transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); transform-origin: left; -webkit-transform-origin: left;}\n.bt-text {font-size: 12px;margin: 1.5em 0 0 0}\n.bt-text p {margin: 0}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"wrapper\">\n<header>\n<h2 class=\"title\">\nIt's so curly! The top brokerage firm dismantled Tesla and wrote a 94-page report.\n</h2>\n<h4 class=\"meta\">\n<p class=\"head\">\n<strong class=\"h-name small\">华尔街见闻</strong><span class=\"h-time small\">2022-07-18 10:33</span>\n</p>\n</h4>\n</header>\n<article>\n<p><html><head></head><body>If you've never disassembled a car, you'd be embarrassed to call yourself a tram analyst. Sell-side analysts are \"scrolling endlessly\"...</p><p>Following Haitong International's disassembly of a BYD \"Yuan\" last month and its 87-page research report showcasing detailed details of auto parts, CITIC Securities, the \"top brokerage firm,\" disassembled a Tesla Model 3 and wrote a 94-page research report.</p><p>Over two months, CITIC Securities' research department's TMT and automotive teams, in collaboration with multiple companies and institutions, completed a complete disassembly of the standard range version of the Model 3.</p><p>CITIC Securities stated:</p><p>The aim is to analyze the Tesla Model 3, a benchmark model for intelligent electric vehicles, to showcase Tesla's thinking on the intelligent electrification of automobiles as a leading global automaker, in order to clarify the possible direction of future industrial development and better support relevant decisions. Through disassembly, CITIC Securities conducted a detailed and in-depth analysis of Tesla's E/E architecture, three batteries, thermal management, and vehicle body.</p><p>domain controller architecture</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the E/E architecture has shifted from a distributed to a domain control architecture, and the decoupling of software and hardware is key to software-defined cars. Tesla's Model 3 is a leader in domain control architecture.</p><p><b>1) Body domain: The front, left and right three bodies use positional zoning rather than functional zoning to reduce wiring difficulty, and HSD is widely used to replace relays;</b><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"329\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The front body domain controllers are located in the front cabin, which theoretically has a higher probability of collision. Therefore, they use aluminum alloy protective housings. The left and right body domain controllers, being located inside the passenger compartment, have a lower probability of encountering external collisions, and both protective housings are made of plastic.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9e2e3ec0d88244cf0ba05df76dbf12e5\" tg-width=\"706\" tg-height=\"439\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><b>2) Cockpit Domain: Integrates the T-BOX into the cockpit domain controller and uses Intel's A3950 chip, which is closer to a gaming platform than a mobile phone;</b></p><p>The cockpit domain is an important part of the user experience, and Tesla's cockpit control platform is constantly evolving. The 2020 Tesla Model 3 that CITIC Securities disassembled this time uses the second-generation cockpit domain controller (MCU2):</p><p>The MCU2 consists of two circuit boards, one is the motherboard, and the other is a small wireless communication circuit board fixed to the motherboard (shown in the pink box in the figure). This communication circuit board includes an LTE module, an Ethernet control chip, an antenna interface, etc., which is equivalent to the T-box used for external wireless communication in traditional cars. Integrating it into the MCU can save space and costs. The 2020 Model 3 we're disassembling this time uses Telit's LTE module. After the 2021 model, Tesla switched its wireless module supplier to Quectel. The MCU2 motherboard uses a double-sided PCB, with the front side mainly containing various network-related chips, such as Ethernet chips from Intel and Marvell, LTE modules from Telit, and video serializers from TI. Another important function of the front is to provide external interfaces, such as Bluetooth/WiFi/LTE antenna interfaces, camera input/output interfaces, audio interfaces, USB interfaces, Ethernet interfaces, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/e974436a2dc5b19a849251a7c210317d\" tg-width=\"937\" tg-height=\"544\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>The back of the MCU2 is more important, with an Intel Atoma 3950 chip at its core, paired with a total of 4GB of Micron memory and a 64GB eMMC memory chip also provided by Micron. In addition, there are WiFi/Bluetooth modules provided by LGInnotek.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/6f06009817e03dc2d31a3f14a908f486\" tg-width=\"906\" tg-height=\"499\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>3) Driving range: Dual FSD chips, NPU offers better cost performance than Orin in the same area, and the Linux operating system is more suitable for large AI models;</b></p><p>Another important feature of Tesla is its Intelligent Driving, which is performed through its Autopilot Domain Controller (AP). The core of this section lies in Tesla's self-developed FSD chip; the rest of the configuration is not essentially different from other current autonomous driving controller solutions:</p><p>The HW3.0 version of the AP used in the Model 3 is equipped with two FSD chips, each configured with four Samsung 2GB memory chips, for a total of 8GB per FSD. Each FSD is also equipped with a 32GB Toshiba flash memory chip and a 64MB Spansion NorFlash chip for booting. In terms of networking, the AP controller includes Marvell Ethernet switches and physical layer transceivers, as well as TI's high-speed CAN transceivers. Positioning is also very important for autonomous driving, which is why it is equipped with a Ublox GPS positioning module.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/9938c812944cab9e51cd6ed7319bc668\" tg-width=\"905\" tg-height=\"457\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/760b93bcd8e51158df569a11580ab6dc\" tg-width=\"756\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>To achieve autonomous driving, Tesla has proposed a complete solution based on vision and centered on FSD chips:</p><p>Its peripheral sensors mainly include 12 ultrasonic sensors (Valeo), 8 cameras (3 front-facing cameras on the windshield roof, 2 front-facing cameras on the B-pillar, 2 rear-facing cameras on the front fender, 1 rear-facing camera at the rear, and 1 DMS camera), and 1 millimeter-wave radar (Continental).<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/4836c623d8b2cd73bb02956dcd6b24e3\" tg-width=\"733\" tg-height=\"426\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Its core front-facing trilocular camera includes a main camera in the middle and telephoto and wide-angle lenses on both sides, forming a combination of different field of view ranges. All three cameras use the same ON Semiconductor image sensor. The millimeter-wave radar is placed near the vehicle logo at the front of the vehicle and consists of a circuit board and an antenna board. The millimeter-wave radar uses a Freescale control chip and a TI regulated power supply management chip.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/5b9d7b28727b0711f5b6eabbf28ff96d\" tg-width=\"749\" tg-height=\"429\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/><b>4) Electronic control domain: The Model 3 pioneered the use of 48 SiC MOSFETs instead of 84 IGBTs, significantly reducing its size and power consumption;</b></p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model 3 is the first pure electric vehicle to use an all-SiC power module motor controller, pioneering the application of SiC.</p><p>The SiC model used in the Model 3 is STMicroelectronics' ST GK026. At the same power level, this SiC module uses laser welding to connect the SiC MOSFET, input busbar, and output three-phase copper. The package size is significantly smaller than that of a silicon module, and the switching loss is reduced by 75%. Using SiC modules instead of IGBT modules can improve system efficiency by about 5%, and reduce the number of chips and the total area. If the Model X IGBTs are still used, 54-60 IGBTs will be required.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/c8cf1eba6f099b4490b34c7dfcaee3c0\" tg-width=\"927\" tg-height=\"383\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>5) Power range: The BMS manages a total of 2,976 21700 batteries, and its powerful software capabilities achieve consistent charging and discharging of each battery.</p><p>As an electric vehicle, the management of electrical energy and batteries is crucial for the Model 3, and the person responsible for managing the battery pack...<b>BMS</b>It is a highly difficult product:</p><p>The main control board is responsible for managing all BMS-related chips and is equipped with 7 sets of external interfaces, including control signals for the charging controller (CP), energy conversion system (PCS), and signals to the sampling board (BMB). In addition, it also includes dedicated current and voltage acquisition signals. The circuit board includes circuit modules such as a high-voltage isolation power supply and a sampling circuit. In terms of components, there are microcontrollers from Freescale and TI, as well as op-amps, reference voltage sources, isolators, data sampling chips, etc.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b587536f0b9997eb043397e683a0abb4\" tg-width=\"908\" tg-height=\"484\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Under the control of the BMS, the BMB circuit board specifically monitors the battery pack. For the Tesla Model 3:</p><p>There are four battery packs in total, each equipped with a BMB circuit board. The circuit layouts of the four circuit boards are different and can be easily distinguished from each other using the numbers on the circuit boards. They are connected together in sequence using a daisy chain, with daisy chains leading out from boards 1 and 4 and connecting to the P5 and P6 interfaces of the main control board.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/95ea719844ddd6929d8848c4bbdd2142\" tg-width=\"907\" tg-height=\"348\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Harnesses and Connectors</p><p>1) Wiring harness: CITIC Securities estimates that the value of wiring harnesses per vehicle is about 2,000 yuan. High-voltage wiring harnesses are the main increment of new energy vehicles. In order to reduce weight, the Model 3 has started to replace copper with aluminum. Low-voltage data cables will be reduced in the process of domain control.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/7dbee6fccc6188cc23be8a636c09e9d1\" tg-width=\"913\" tg-height=\"354\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b02522a025888fa0b55934800991bc33\" tg-width=\"755\" tg-height=\"538\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Connectors: Electrification brings an increase in high-voltage connectors, while intelligentization brings demand for high-speed connectors. TE is the core supplier of the Model 3, and domestic manufacturers are expected to achieve breakthroughs.</p><p>On the connector of the power battery-electric drive high-voltage wiring harness,<b>Model3</b>It adopts<b>You</b>of<b>HC Stak 25:</b></p><p>Its structure and function are similar to those of the HC Stak 35, but the difference lies in its size. As you can see, the HC Stak 25 is smaller than the HC Stak 35, so the terminals at the socket end of the HC Stak 25 are made up of 20 DEFCON terminals (the HC Stak 35 has 35). Different models share the same connector terminals. Connector terminals can be quickly assembled into different models by changing the number of stacks, which demonstrates the cost control advantages brought about by modular connector production.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/27ce3149504873c7d267762efc6fba53\" tg-width=\"775\" tg-height=\"301\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/>Battery: Tesla's intergenerational technology is leading, and the 4680 and CTC are future development directions.</p><p>1) The core concept of battery design is to improve specific energy: from small modules to large modules and then to moduleless CTC, the cell size has increased from 1865 to 2170 and then to 4680. The core trend is to reduce the number of non-energy structural components in the battery pack, reduce costs, reduce weight, and improve driving range.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities, the Model 3 battery pack uses four large modules. Compared with the battery packs of the iD.4 X and BMW iX3 at the same time, it adopts large module technology, resulting in higher integration and a cleaner internal layout. Battery pack technology is still in a leading position.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b23dabb7e95eaba19611c9fbd3810f29\" tg-width=\"771\" tg-height=\"216\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Value and changes of 4680 batteries: The 4680 achieves the impossible triangle of \"high energy density, high rate, and low cost\" through the combination of full tab, high nickel and high silicon, dry electrode, and CTC. As the number of batteries in the module increases and the demand for fast charging rises, the requirements for cooling, thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of the battery pack are increasing. The number of cooling pipes in the battery pack is increasing, the length of the cold pipes is decreasing, and sealing and fireproof foam are added to ensure the thermal stability of the battery pack.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/df353f7deb14b1e3481ccc22db2f2a7a\" tg-width=\"783\" tg-height=\"378\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>The integration of the three electric motors and thermal management has been continuously improved, and thermal management has taken the lead in achieving full-domain integration.</p><p>1) The three-in-one integration enhances integration, with dual motors achieving complementary advantages: The Model 3/Y combines the drive motor, motor controller, and transmission into one, which is more integrated than the Model S/X. At the same time, the \"small three electric motors\" and battery pack are integrated, resulting in a compact structure and lower cost. The single-motor version evolved from an induction motor to a permanent magnet motor, while the dual-motor version evolved from a forward induction motor to a later permanent magnet motor arrangement. The two motors complement each other's advantages in the high-speed and low-speed regions.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/fb1406d1dc031a4d940e03c4f6f676f2\" tg-width=\"631\" tg-height=\"356\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Comprehensive integration of thermal management greatly improves energy utilization efficiency: In terms of thermal management, through the application of four-way valves and eight-way valves, the entire vehicle thermal management has been upgraded from independent circuits for each part to one that integrates the air conditioning, battery system, and power system, integrating the entire vehicle heat source to improve the system's energy utilization efficiency. Tesla's three-electric and thermal management systems maintain a leading position in terms of high integration, and their exemplary role will lead the industry to catch up, upgrade, and innovate secondarily.</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/b079e0e13760c45d4172f14f7baa31dd\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"333\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>Automotive Body: Lightweight Demand: Integrated Aluminum Body Die Casting Becomes a Trend; Consumption Upgrades Make Sunroofs and Smart Headlights Become Fashionable</p><p>1) Body: Lightweight to meet energy conservation and improve range requirements, aluminum instead of steel is the best choice, and integrated die casting of the rear body will be carried out starting from the Model Y;<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/824c486f4801101f96cc3ed4c8a775ca\" tg-width=\"801\" tg-height=\"308\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>2) Headlights: The Model 3's exterior design combines technology and aesthetics, and the headlights use matrix LED light sources;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/2b296677f6ceb659eef22a35c43daf3a\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"277\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>3) Automotive glass: The Model 3 sunroof is leading industry trends, and its penetration rate is expected to continue to increase;</p><p><img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a9e952c54e259cb11d491a29a696a968\" tg-width=\"813\" tg-height=\"320\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></p><p>4) Chassis: Adopting a control-by-wire chassis is essential for high-level autonomous driving.</p><p>According to CITIC Securities,<b>Model 3</b>The chassis is gradually becoming control-by-wire:</p><p>After disassembling the Model 3 chassis structure, we can see that in terms of suspension, all Tesla models use a front double wishbone independent suspension paired with a rear multi-link independent suspension, but are not equipped with air suspension. In terms of braking systems, Tesla vehicles use the most cutting-edge technology, namely the Ibooster in-line drive system; In terms of steering system, the Model 3 still uses traditional electric power steering. A control-by-wire chassis enables autonomous driving.<b>SAEL3</b>The cornerstone of \"execution\". An autonomous driving system consists of four parts: perception, decision-making, control, and execution. The chassis system is the \"execution\" mechanism in autonomous driving and is the core functional module that ultimately realizes autonomous driving. The realization of L3 and higher levels of autonomous driving cannot be achieved without the rapid response and precise execution of the chassis actuator, in order to achieve a high degree of synergy with the perception, decision-making and control of the upper layer. The upgrade of the chassis system also means the upgrade of functional modules such as the drive system, braking system, and steering system. Therefore, control-by-wire chassis, as the cornerstone of higher-level autonomous driving, are a concrete tool for developing autonomous driving.<img src=\"https://static.tigerbbs.com/a28e1239e7886002c8d3f9a3f999c049\" tg-width=\"799\" tg-height=\"304\" referrerpolicy=\"no-referrer\"/></body></html></p>\n<div class=\"bt-text\">\n\n\n<p> source：<a href=\"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3665028\">华尔街见闻</a></p>\n\n\n</div>\n</article>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>\n","type":0,"thumbnail":"https://static.tigerbbs.com/bcaee1d0a80c502e4b0095b3c6d47cdb","relate_stocks":{"TSLA":"特斯拉"},"source_url":"https://wallstreetcn.com/articles/3665028","is_english":false,"share_image_url":"https://static.laohu8.com/cc96873d3d23ee6ac10685520df9c100","article_id":"1148974307","content_text":"没拆过车，都不好意思说自己是电车分析师。卖方分析师“卷无止尽”......继上个月海通国际拆了一台比亚迪“元”，用87页研报展示汽车零部件的详细细节后，“券商一哥”中信证券拆了一台特斯拉Model 3，并写了一份94页的研报。耗时两个月，中信证券研究部TMT和汽车团队协同多家公司和机构对Model3标准续航版进行了完整的拆解。中信证券称：希望通过对特斯拉Model3这一智能电动的标杆车型的分析，展现特斯拉作为一家全球头部汽车企业对汽车智能电动化的思考，以期厘清后续产业发展的可能方向，更好地支持相关决策。通过拆解，中信证券对特斯拉的E/E架构、三电、热管理、车身等进行了详细深入地分析。域控制器架构据中信证券，E/E架构由分布式转向域控制结构，软硬件实现解耦，是软件定义汽车的关键，特斯拉的Model3是域控架构的引领者。1）车身域：前左右三个车身采用位置分区而非功能分区，意在降低布线难度，大量采用HSD替代继电器；前车身域控制器的位置在前舱，这个位置理论上来说遇到的碰撞概率要更高，因此采用铝合金的保护外壳，而左右车身域控制器由于在乘用舱内，遇到外界碰撞的概率较低，保护外壳均采用塑料结构：2）座舱域：将T-BOX集成到座舱域控制器，同时采用了Intel的A3950芯片，思路更接近游戏平台而非手机；座舱域是用户体验的重要组成部分，特斯拉的座舱控制平台也在不断进化中。中信证券本次拆解的特斯拉model3 2020款采用的是第二代座舱域控制器（MCU2）：MCU2由两块电路板构成，一块是主板，另一块是固定在主板上的一块小型无线通信电路板（图中粉色框所示）。这一块通信电路板包含了LTE模组、以太网控制芯片、天线接口等，相当于传统汽车中用于对外无线通信的T-box，此次将其集成在MCU中，能够节约空间和成本。我们本次拆解的2020款model3采用了Telit的LTE模组，在2021款以后特斯拉将无线模组供应商切换成移远通信。MCU2的主板采用了双面PCB板，正面主要布局各种网络相关芯片，例如Intel和Marvell的以太网芯片，Telit的LTE模组，TI的视频串行器等。正面的另一个重要作用是提供对外接口，如蓝牙/WiFi/LTE的天线接口、摄像头输入输出接口、音频接口、USB接口、以太网接口等。而MCU2的背面更为重要，其核心是一颗IntelAtomA3950芯片，搭配总计4GB的Micron内存和同样是Micron提供的64GBeMMC存储芯片。此外还有LGInnotek提供的WiFi/蓝牙模块等。3）驾驶域：双FSD芯片，NPU在同等面积下相比Orin有更高的性价比，采用Linux操作系统更适配AI大模型；特斯拉的另一个重要特色就是其智能驾驶，这部分功能是通过其自动驾驶域控制器（AP）来执行的。本部分的核心在于特斯拉自主开发的FSD芯片，其余配置则与当前其他自动驾驶控制器方案没有本质区别：在model3所用的HW3.0版本的AP中，配备两颗FSD芯片，每颗配置4个三星2GB内存颗粒，单FSD总计8GB，同时每颗FSD配备一片东芝的32GB闪存以及一颗Spansion的64MBNORflash用于启动。网络方面，AP控制器内部包含Marvell的以太网交换机和物理层收发器，此外还有TI的高速CAN收发器。对于自动驾驶来说，定位也十分重要，因此配备了一个Ublox的GPS定位模块。为了实现自动驾驶，特斯拉提出了一整套以视觉为基础，以FSD芯片为核心的解决方案：其外围传感器主要包含12个超声传感器（Valeo）、8个摄像头（风挡玻璃顶3个前视，B柱2个拍摄侧前方，前翼子板2个后视，车尾1个后视摄像头，以及1个DMS摄像头）、1个毫米波雷达（大陆）。其最核心的前视三目摄像头包含中间的主摄像头以及两侧的长焦镜头和广角镜头，形成不同视野范围的搭配，三个摄像头用的是相同的安森美图像传感器。毫米波雷达放置于车头处车标附近，包含一块电路板和一块天线板。该毫米波雷达内部采用的是一颗Freescale控制芯片以及一颗TI的稳压电源管理芯片。4）电控域：Model3首创采用48颗SiC MOSFET替代了84颗IGBT，体积、功耗大幅减小；据中信证券，Model3为第一款采用全SiC功率模块电机控制器的纯电动汽车，开创SiC应用的先河：Model3所用的SiC型号为意法半导体的ST GK026。在相同功率等级下，这款SiC模块采用激光焊接将SiC MOSFET、输入母排和输出三相铜进行连接，封装尺寸也明显小于硅模块，并且开关损耗降低75%。采用SiC模块替代IGBT模块，其系统效率可以提高5%左右，芯片数量及总面积也均有所减少。如果仍采用Model X的IGBT，则需要54-60颗IGBT。5）动力域：BMS共管理2976节21700电池，强大的软件能力实现每节电池充放电的一致性。Model3作为电动车，电能和电池的管理十分重要，而负责管理电池组的BMS是一个高难度产品:主控板负责管理所有BMS相关芯片，共设置7组对外接口，包含了对充电控制器（CP）、能量转换系统（PCS）的控制信号，以及到采样板（BMB）的信号，另外还包含专门的电流电压采集信号。电路板上包含高压隔离电源、采样电路等电路模块。元器件方面，有Freescale和TI的单片机，以及运放、参考电压源、隔离器、数据采样芯片等。在BMS的控制下，具体对电池组进行监测的是BMB电路板，对于特斯拉model3而言:共有4个电池组，每一组配备一个BMB电路板，并且4个电路板的电路布局各不相同，彼此之间可以很容易地利用电路板上的编号进行区别，并且按照顺序用菊花链连接在一起，在1号板和4号板引出菊花链连接到主控板的P5和P6接口。线束和连接器1）线束：中信证券测算线束单车价值量约2000元，高压线束是新能源汽车的主要增量，Model3为了轻量化开始用铝替代铜，低压数据线在域控化进程下将有所减少；2）连接器：电动化带来高压连接器增量，智能化带来高速连接器需求，TE（泰科）是Model3的核心供应商，国产厂商有望取得突破。在动力电池—电驱高压线束的连接器上，Model3采用的是TE的HC Stak 25：其结构和功能与HC Stak 35类似，不同点在于尺寸的大小，可以看到，HC Stak 25比HC Stak 35更小，因此HC Stak 25插座端的端子是20片DEFCON端子组成（HC Stak 35为35片），不同的型号共用相同的连接器端子。连接器端子通过数量堆叠的变化能够快速完成不同型号的组装，这体现了连接器模块化生产带来的成本管控优势。电池：特斯拉代际技术领先，4680和CTC是后续发展方向1）电池设计核心理念在于提升比能量：由小模组到大模组再到无模组CTC，电芯尺寸由1865到2170再到4680，核心趋势都是减少电池包中非能量的结构件数量，降低成本减少重量，提升续航里程。据中信证券，Model3电池包采用4块大模组，与同期的iD.4 X，宝马iX3的电池包相比，采用大模组技术，集成度更高，内部布局更为整洁，电池包技术目前仍处于领先地位。2）4680电池的价值及变化：4680通过全极耳、高镍高硅、干电极、CTC的组合，实现了“能量密度高、倍率高、成本低”的不可能三角。随着模组内电池数量增加、快充需求提升，对于电池包的冷却、导热阻燃要求提升，电池包内冷却管数量增加、冷管长度减少，增加灌封、防火泡棉，保障电池包热稳定性。三电与热管理：三电集成度不断提高，热管理率先实现全域打通。1）三合一提升集成度，双电机实现优势互补：Model 3/Y上驱动电机、电机控制器、变速箱三者合一，集成度相比Model S/X提高，同时“小三电”和电池包集成，结构紧凑成本更低；单电机版本由感应电机向永磁电机演变，双电机版本向前感应电机后永磁电机布置演进，两种电机在高速低速区优势互补。2）热管理全域打通，大大提升能量利用效率：热管理上，通过四通阀、八通阀的应用，由各部分独立的回路，向空调、电池系统、动力系统打通的整车热管理升级，整车热源集成，提升系统的能量利用效率。特斯拉的三电与热管理系统在高集成度方面保持领先，其示范作用将引领行业追赶升级与二次创新。汽车车身：轻量化需求铝车身一体压铸成趋势，消费升级天幕玻璃、智能车灯变潮流1）车身：轻量化以满足节能及提高续航要求，以铝代钢是最佳选择，并从Model Y开始进行后车身的一体压铸；2）车灯：Model3外饰搭配兼具科技感和美感，车灯选用矩阵式LED灯源；3）汽车玻璃：Model3天幕引领行业趋势，渗透率有望不断提升；4）底盘：采用线控底盘，是高级别自动驾驶必由之路。据中信证券，Model 3底盘逐步实现线控化：经过对Model 3底盘结构的拆解，我们看到：悬架方面，特斯拉全车型均采用前轮双叉臂式独立悬架搭配后轮多连杆式独立悬架的配置，未配置空气悬架；制动系统方面，特斯拉车系使用最前沿技术，即线控制动系统Ibooster；转向系统方面，Model3仍沿用传统的电动助力转向。线控底盘是实现自动驾驶SAEL3的“执行”基石。自动驾驶系统共分为感知、决策、控制和执行四个部分，其中底盘系统属于自动驾驶中的“执行”机构，是最终实现自动驾驶的核心功能模块。L3及L3以上更高级别自动驾驶的实现离不开底盘执行机构的快速响应和精确执行，以达到和上层的感知、决策和控制的高度协同。而底盘系统的升级也意味着其中驱动系统、制动系统和转向系统等功能模块的升级。所以，线控底盘作为更高级别自动驾驶的执行基石，是发展自动驾驶的具体抓手。","news_type":1,"symbols_score_info":{"TSLA":0.9}},"isVote":1,"tweetType":1,"viewCount":5925,"authorTweetTopStatus":1,"verified":2,"comments":[],"imageCount":0,"langContent":"EN","totalScore":0}],"defaultTab":"posts","isTTM":true}